ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°?
ΠΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅, Π½Π°Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ° β ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π». Π ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°? ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅? ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ? ΠΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅.
Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³?
ΠΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Β«ΡΠΈΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ·Β», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π° Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅, Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ.
ΠΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΌ.
ΠΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅Ρ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈ, Π° ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ» ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π‘Π¨Π ΠΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΆΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Β«ΠΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π°Ρ Π° Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°Β», ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π» ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ.
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ, ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ΅Π·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ
ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°.
ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π²Π·ΡΡΡ Β«Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°:
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ;
- ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ Π±Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ;
- ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°;
- ΠΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Β«Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΡΒ» Π·Π° ΡΡΠΆΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ;
- Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.
Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ», ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π·ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π° β Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ.
Π ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π»Π΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ· ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Β«Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΒ», Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Β«Π²Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΒ». ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΒ» Π² Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅, Π²ΡΠ΅-ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°
Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²:
- Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ PR-ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ;
- Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π·Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ;
- ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ;
- Π ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°;
- ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ;
- ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ;
- ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π°, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ . ΠΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π°Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π»Π΅.
ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°.
Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ:
- ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ° β ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ;
- ΠΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ;
- Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ event β ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ;
- ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ β ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ³ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ;
- Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ;
- ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Π»ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²;
- ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ β ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Β«ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ» ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Β«ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉΒ» ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² (ΡΠ»Π°Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ). ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Β«Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ», ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. ΠΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π°. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ , ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, Π° Π½Π΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅.
ΠΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Π³ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ½Π΅ΠΌΒ» ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ, Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ | Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°, Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ , ΠΊΠΎΠ΅-ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΡ, ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³. Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅, ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°, Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³, ΡΡΠΎ β ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ± ΠΠ°ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΌ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ , ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ , ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈ ΠΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ, Π² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ: ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π±ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ·Π°Π» Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄.
ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎ, ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°
Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³, ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ, Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ: ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ:
ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΠΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ;
ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ-ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅, Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ-ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³;
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠΎ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ;
ΠΌΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°;
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ-ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²;
ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ , Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ, Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅. Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Ρ ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΡ, ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°, Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ;
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ.
ΠΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ± Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°.
ΠΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ β ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³, Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ-ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ β ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»Π°.
ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 50 % Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π°, ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ, ΠΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ:
- ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ± Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ;
- Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ± Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.
Π¨Π°Π³ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ-ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ².
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅, Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ-ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅.
Π§Π΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³, ΡΡΠΎ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π°Π·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ»Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ ΠΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ, Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅Ρ Π·Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ.
ΠΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³ β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅: Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±Π°Π·Π°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, Π° Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ.
ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ, Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ . ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΡ, Π² Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ , ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ-Π½ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°
ΠΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ± Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°. ΠΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ².
Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΅, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π° 10 β 15 % ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ , ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π° Π² ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ.
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ , ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠ³Ρ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π΅.
ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³. ΠΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ·Π°Π», ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Ρ Π°Π±ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄., ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ.
Π’ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π±ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ·Π°Π», Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² 20, 30, 40, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π² 50 %. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½, Π² Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ: ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ, Π±ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, Π±Π°Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ β Π²ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠ°, Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ.
Π’ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ: ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² (Π±ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ), ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°: 8-ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π½Ρ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ, Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π½ΠΈ, Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π΅ΠΉ.
Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°. ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΌ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π°, Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ.
Π Π² ΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ . Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π° Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅, ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅ β ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° 30 β 50 %.
ΠΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³, ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ β Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ-ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Ρ ΠΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ.
Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅:
Π Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ 2005 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π° Π·Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ Π² 90-Ρ . Π‘ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ± ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°
ΠΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½
Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°: ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅.Β
ΠΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½ β Π²ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°Β» ΠΈ Β«Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Β», Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΡΠΈ-Π±Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΡΡ.Β
ΠΠ²ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ β Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π²Π°Ρ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ°
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π°: ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½.Β
ΠΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ. Π£Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ β Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ· Coca-Cola ΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ³, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅.
Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ
Π ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄Ρ β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅: ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ
ΠΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ.Β
Π 2017 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π’Π¦ Β«ΠΠ΅Π³Π° Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΊΠΈΒ» ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Tele2 ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅Π½ Cofix. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π‘Π±Π΅ΡΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊ ΠΈ Π―Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΉΡ Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΡΒ», ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π² Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³?
ΠΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠΉΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° . Π’Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ: ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ .
ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°, Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. Π Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ±Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΄ Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Β«ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΒ». Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π¦Π. ΠΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, β Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π‘-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ. Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π‘ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ, Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ β ΠΎΠ±ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ β Β Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎ Β«Π½Π΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Β» β ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊ Β«Π³ΡΡΡ ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π‘-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Β» β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
- Π§ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Β«ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Β»? ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°. Π ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ: ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ β ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π±ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ β Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊ Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ+ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°). ΠΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΠΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΄, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠ°, ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅β¦ ΠΡΠ°Π»Ρ! ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎ! Π Π² ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅, Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΡ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ . Π₯ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ΅Π½, ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅. ΠΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ . ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ.
Π ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ . ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ? ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ β ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅.
- ΠΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ , ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΡΡ, Π±ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄.
- ΠΠΎ-Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ , Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊ Ρ Π¦Π. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡ.
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ: ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π‘Π±Π΅ΡΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊ ΠΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½.
- Π-ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ , Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ» Π² ΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ? ΠΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠ°! Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π² Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ . ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅, Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΠΠ°ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π°.
- Π-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ , ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π² Β«ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΊΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ±ΡΒ» Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ².
Π, Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΆ.
Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ.
[toggle title=Β»ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ:Β»]
[/toggle]
ΠΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΠ΅ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ( ΠΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅Ρ )
90000 What is Cross-Channel Marketing: Definition, Tips 90001 90002 Cross-channel marketing is the combination of multiple promotional methods to ensure that prospects smoothly progress from one stage of the sales funnel to the next. 90003 90002 In cross-channel marketing, businesses leverage various strategies such as promotional emails, bulk SMS, web push notifications, Facebook Messenger, and so forth. The adopted methods are used in unison so that they complement each other to amplify their overall impact.An interconnectedness among the marketing methods makes it easy to view the strategies cumulatively. This allows a business to calculate and comprehend marketing ROI easily. 90003 90002 Businesses can implement effective cross-channel marketing campaigns using SendPulse. The service offers a multi-channel functionality that enables marketers to send relevant messages to both leads and customers. 90003 90002 Apart from email, SendPulse allows businesses to send their customers promotional SMS, web push notifications, and personalized marketing messages using Facebook Messenger.90003 90010 Why use cross channel-marketing? 90011 90012 90013 Boosts engagement with customers 90014 90013 Improves customer loyalty 90014 90013 Tracks their ROI 90014 90019 90002 Businesses can not afford to ignore cross-channel marketing. Not when they can use it to: 90003 90012 90013 90024 Boosts engagement with customers. 90025 Cross-channel marketing enables businesses to personalize the various ways they interact with and relay information to both prospects and customers.By sending targeted and relevant marketing campaigns, businesses achieve better response and engagement rates. 90014 90013 90024 Improves customer loyalty. 90025 When businesses leverage cross-channel marketing, they show customers that they genuinely want to meet their needs. The clients, in turn, feel appreciated and delighted with the brand, which makes them more inclined to stick with it over time. 90014 90013 90024 Tracks their ROI. 90025 Cross-channel marketing allows marketers to understand various metrics that make up the success of their marketing campaigns.Businesses can quickly determine CTA impressions and open rates for their email marketing campaigns, opt-in rates for web push notifications, SMS delivery rates, etc. 90014 90019 90010 Benefits of Cross-channel Marketing 90011 90012 90013 Smooth buyer journey 90014 90013 Effective customer service 90014 90013 Improved brand image 90014 90013 A better understanding of customers 90014 90019 90002 Cross-channel marketing has a lot of real benefits for a company.Here are some of them: 90003 90012 90013 90024 Smooth buyer journey. 90025 By effectively integrating cross-channel communication in the marketing strategy, businesses get to improve the buying experience of their customers. It will be easy for customers to access support and product information, which makes their cooperation with the brand more pleasurable. 90014 90013 90024 Effective customer service. 90025 Cross-channel marketing enables a company to interact with its customers on several platforms at a time.By sending the right message using the most suitable channel, businesses improve the relationships they have with prospects and customers. 90014 90013 90024 Improved brand image. 90025 Cross-channel marketing yields an enjoyable buyer journey, which goes a long way in generating customer satisfaction. As all marketers know, satisfied customers impact a business ‘brand positively as they will highly recommend the company’s products or services to their friends and family. 90014 90013 90024 A better understanding of customers.90025 With cross-channel marketing, businesses can quickly gather information about their existing customers from several communication channels in one place. After that, companies can use the data to create segmented and relevant offers. 90014 90019 90010 How to Get Started with Cross-channel Marketing 90011 90070 90013 Integrate the data 90014 90013 Determine the customer segments 90014 90013 Unify interactions with smart content 90014 90013 Optimize 90014 90079 90002 When launching cross-channel marketing, businesses should be prepared to tweak their strategies as well as make suitable optimizations along the way.That said, here is how to start with cross-channel marketing: 90003 90082 Integrate the data 90083 90002 The first thing to do when setting up cross-channel marketing is to unify data within a CDP (Customer Data Platform). For any business, CRM is excellent for handling this data. However, no matter the CDP a company chooses, its marketers should have access to analytics data that reveal all lead touchpoints. 90003 90082 Determine the customer segments 90083 90002 After unifying the data, businesses should understand the different segments within their target audience.Marketers can scrutinize touchpoint data to determine whether there are evident failures, trends, or successes. By assessing customer data and getting a clear picture of the existing segments, businesses will know what channels to prioritize and the type of message that performs best across the various communication channels. 90003 90082 Unify interactions with smart content 90083 90002 Now that your customers are segmented, companies need to customize their content to match the needs of customers.The best way to do this is to use smart content — dynamic messages determined by a particular set of criteria. Simply put, smart content is something like, «if a customer does A, show them B.» With smart content, a business will quickly determine what a customer has done; hence, all future interactions with the client will be based on known touchpoints. 90003 90082 Optimize 90083 90002 To get the most out of cross-channel marketing, businesses need to continuously analyze their strategies to ensure that necessary optimizations are made.Experiments such as A / B testing, use of CTAs, and modification of ads on Facebook Messenger can help marketers gain valuable insights, which in turn enable them to make appropriate adjustments on their marketing efforts for even more effectiveness. 90003 90010 How to Do Cross-channel Marketing with SendPulse 90011 90002 With SendPulse, businesses can step up their marketing efforts across various communication channels. Let’s highlight these methods and how companies can leverage them: 90003 90012 90013 90024 Email.90025 SendPulse has a comprehensive email service that enables businesses to create and send successful email marketing campaigns. For better performance, make use of personalization, segmentation, A / B tests, and other instruments. 90014 90013 90024 Web push notifications. 90025 Businesses can re-engage with and drive customers back to their site by using this feature. Some of the advantages of using web push notifications by SendPulse include offline notifications, easy personalization, and in-depth segmentation.90014 90013 90024 SMS. 90025 If a company is keen on incorporating effective text communication into its communication channels, then this feature will come in handy. It allows a business to send marketing SMS campaigns across the globe fast. 90014 90013 90024 Chatbots. 90025 With SendPulse, you can create chatbots for Facebook Messenger and Telegram app. Chatbots help promote products, automate answering users ‘everyday questions, collect their orders, and register them for events.90014 90019 90002 It is worth mentioning that marketers can use Automation 360 feature to send triggered emails, SMS, and web push notifications depending on events, variables, and actions that their subscribers take. Doing this amplifies the overall impact of the cross-channel marketing strategies a business adopts. 90003 90010 Cross-channel Marketing Best Practices 90011 90002 Here are the essential things you should do to get the most out of cross-channel marketing: 90003 90070 90013 Define the most effective channels for your audience.90014 90013 Choose a professional marketing platform that is integrated with analytics, marketing automation software, and a retargeting tool. 90014 90013 Segment the audience wisely to nurture leads effectively. 90014 90013 Optimize and develop customer touchpoints. 90014 90013 Eliminate departmental bottlenecks that hinder effective coordination of cross-channel campaigns. 90014 90079 90010 Cross-channel Marketing Examples 90011 90002 Below are some brands that run effective cross-channel marketing.90003 90002 As evidenced by these pictures, KFC implements cross-channel marketing by using email and Facebook advertising, among other methods. 90003 90002 90145 90003 90002 90148 90003 90002 Netflix advertises its products via email and Instagram, among other effective communication channels. 90003 90002 90153 90003 90002 90156 90003 90010 References 90011 90070 90013 The article «What is cross-channel marketing and why do you need it?» on Econsultancy sheds light on the differences between cross-channel marketing and multi-channel marketing and highlights the benefits of the first approach.90014 90013 The article «Four Key Principles Of Cross Channel Marketing» on Forbes considers 4 primary keys that help succeed in cross-channel marketing. 90014 90013 The article «The Ultimate Guide to Cross-Channel Marketing» on HubSpot defines the term, explains why it’s worth implementing and provides tips on how to get started. 90014 90079 90002 Last Updated: 2020-04-27 90003 90002 User Rating: 90024 5 90025/90024 5 90025 (11) 90003.90000 What is cross-channel marketing? | Adobe Glossary 90001 90002 90003 90004 A: 90005 90006 To get started, a marketing team needs to evaluate their technology stack. You often see marketers using decades-old marketing technologies to communicate with their customers. 90007 90002 For example, there could be a team and a piece of technology that helps marketers send communications via mobile to their customers. And then there is another team and piece of technology that’s used to send an email to a customer, and so on.We’re seeing that this is an unsuccessful approach, because the marketing messages are often not on brand or they’re each communicating different things. And on top of that, the data is all siloed. 90007 90002 The first step is for marketing teams to understand what technology they’re using for each channel. And then on top of that, look at all the teams, because there could be a team for email, a team for mobile, a team for direct mail — internal teams often are not talking to each other. 90007 90002 Companies need to evaluate how they think about their customer data.A customer might respond better to a direct mail campaign than an email campaign, but they keep receiving emails. If a company’s technology is siloed, they will not know that the customer prefers direct mail. Marketers need to understand where their customers are in the journey, and not only who they are, but also what channels they’re using. What channel should a marketer use to target a customer segment that will get the highest rate of conversion? 90007 90002 Companies should approach cross-channel marketing as a phased approach.They can start by identifying a few channels they would like to improve or focus on. If they want to improve their email campaigns, for example, they can begin by sending email campaigns based on where the customer is in the journey. And once they have that down, and they want to increase their marketing maturity, then they can start adding in additional channels that make the most sense for their consumer base. 90007 .90000 Cross-Media Marketing | What is Cross-Media Marketing? 90001 90002 Cross-Media Marketing 90003 90004 Explore the Strategy of Cross-Media Marketing 90005 90006 90004 People are inundated with advertising nearly everywhere they turn. Whether they’re scanning the toothpaste label as they squeeze out a dollop, or wearing a t-shirt with an Old Navy logo on the front, they’re affected by a form of marketing.Marketing professionals are familiar with the «rule of seven» -the idea that it takes a consumer at least seven times to see a product or company advertising before he or she feels compelled to make a decision-and leverage it. 90005 90009 Cross-Media Marketing Guide 90010 90004 In this article … 90005 90004 Related … 90005 90004 That said, people may deliberately ignore certain forms of advertising because, let’s face it, they can be obnoxious.The challenge for marketing professionals, then, is to slide the marketing and advertising into the consumer’s awareness without being irritating, or simply ignored. The goal of cross-media marketing is to put a company’s name and product front-of-mind continually, catching consumers in a variety of mediums. 90016 (See also Integrated Marketing) 90017 90005 90019 What is cross-media marketing? 90020 90004 Cross-media marketing is what the name suggests-it involves using a variety of media forms to integrate your marketing message into peoples ‘consciousness.Using a variety of media puts your company’s message in front of more consumers more often. Rather than marketing a product exclusively on a website, cross-marketers use a combination of mobile apps, paid search engine returns, link ads, television commercials, YouTube videos, content marketing, print brochures, radio and television ads, social media, and trade -show marketing. Many forms of cross-media marketing are so subtle that consumers often do not realize they are being marketed to. 90016 (See also Stealth Marketing) 90017 90005 90004 It would be foolish to spend an entire marketing budget on a website and not market that website through social media channels.In fact, one of the foundational principles of Internet cross-marketing is to spread your name, products, and links in as many places as possible. It’s difficult to determine who’s going to click through to your website from a comment on a blog; but when it happens, it’s yet another opportunity to invite activity. 90005 90004 Likewise, using multiple social media sites is a best practice. Die-hard tweeters may not resonate with LinkedIn, and Facebook fanatics may shy away from expressing themselves in 140 characters on Twitter.However, people with a product or service to sell should not be picky about their social mediums; all customers are welcome. 90005 90019 Who employs cross-media marketing? 90020 90004 Nearly every organization or company uses at least two forms of media to market their products or services 90016 (See also Multichannel Marketing) 90017. For example, moviegoers and television viewers do not often register product placement, which is just one form of cross-media marketing.When a viewer’s watching 90016 American Idol 90017, he or she might not realize that the judges are drinking from prominently placed Coca-Cola cups to advertise Coke. 90005 90009 5 BrainBurst Ideas 90010 90004 Cross-media marketing begins with creative brainstorming. Use these effective strategies to get started: 90005 90041 90042 Ask yourself just before going to sleep, «How can I market my product best?» In the morning, you may have a fresh idea.90043 90042 Ponder ideas while exercising. Moving shifts energy, and ideas come quickly with doses of endorphins. 90043 90042 Play on Pinterest. Looking at other bursts of ingenuity and creativity tend to spark your own. 90043 90042 If blocked, work on another project or take a break. Anxiety and stress are creativity killers. 90043 90042 Consider every idea. If you get an inspiration, keep your mind open. There may be something there. 90043 90052 90004 Likewise, it’s no coincidence that while Disney puts out a new movie, the shelves at Target are being simultaneously stocked with a new line of dolls and toy figures featured in that movie-nor that schools and pediatricians suddenly have a vast supply of free Disney movie stickers to hand out to children.Cross-media marketing from one Disney movie extends to fast-food toys, backpacks, lunch boxes, clothing, shoes, coloring books, free prizes, and even «free swag» for new mothers leaving the hospital. Additionally, online cross-media promotion for a Disney film might include a smart phone app, a gaming website, a Facebook page, an online code to earn points or win a prize from an interactive website, and even advertising in school sponsorships. 90005 90004 Many companies use cross-media promotions and marketing campaigns to grow their business by placing themselves in front of customers ‘consciousness as often as possible.Grocery and other retail stores use Facebook to announce sales and promotions, while also sending retail circulars by mail or email. Retail stores will also often use Facebook to ask customers what they want to see more of in stores, while simultaneously running a huge direct mail campaign and running television commercials featuring celebrity designers 90016 (See also Facebook Marketing) 90017. Many companies give away products through contests on blogs and also buy content marketing in the form of reviews.90005 90004 This strategy works in other arenas as well. Many authors create cross-media promotions by offering calendars, CDs or podcasts of speeches, and giveaways through book tours and blog tours. Likewise, political organizations and candidates, non-profits and charities, and religious organizations also use cross-media marketing to grab the attention of potential donors, voters, and churchgoers. 90005 90019 For what kinds of customers is cross-media marketing effective? 90020 90004 Every person is confronted with cross-media marketing on a daily basis.The more often they see a company message, the more they begin to identify with the company or product. Often repeatedly seeing or hearing about a company mitigates any original skepticism about a new product or company. As an example, people generally disbelieve any diet pill or supplement claim-until it’s featured as effective on Dr. Mehmet Oz’s television show, and offered for sale on his website. In other examples: 90005 90009 10 Popular «As Seen on TV» Products 90010 90041 90042 Ped Egg (pedicure scraper) 90043 90042 Pet Rider (car blanket) 90043 90042 Edge of Glory (knife sharpener) 90043 90042 Slim Away (zippered girdle) 90043 90042 Deep Romance (gem jewelry) 90043 90042 Aluma Wallet (security wallet) 90043 90042 Slice-O-Matic (vegetable slicer) 90043 90042 Lint Lizard (vacuum attachment for dryer) 90043 90042 Sticky Buddy (lint roller) 90043 90042 OrGreenic ( «green») Fry P an 90043 90052 90004 90016 Source: Huffington Post, «As Seen on TV: The Ten Hottest Products Right Now,» April 30, 2012 90017 90005 90041 90042 A working mother might see a car with logos for a housekeeping service, noting the clever name and the claim that it’s a green company.She then might receive a coupon inviting her to try the service for 50 percent off, in a direct mail piece. She might finally decide to call, once she sees a sign on the front lawn of her neighbor’s house. 90043 90042 A child who has seen a Disney movie will ask for a doll or figurine for their birthday, beg to sport a character backpack on the first day of school, and be simply gaga over a fancy princess dress and tiara. Parents tend to give in to frequent pestering-which is another reason why cross-media marketing is so effective.90043 90042 Insomniacs might be persuaded that a new mop really is magical, or that a special knife will never ever dull, because of an «as seen on TV» (look right) infomercial. Then they see content marketing in the form of a blog review and are further persuaded. Once they finally come across the item at a local retail store, they finally purchase the product. 90043 90052 90004 Customer awareness of a product grows every time they’re confronted with a form of advertising about the product.Each time it makes an impression and further solidifies the product as legitimate and well-known. Each impression increases the likelihood of a potential customer becoming an actual customer. 90005 90019 How is a cross-media marketing campaign developed? 90020 90004 Every business needs a comprehensive marketing strategy in place, and that strategy will almost certainly include cross-media marketing.A recent study conducted by Harvard Business School reported that retailers using cross-media marketing are more profitable than those that use only one channel for promotion. 90005 90004 The first step in building a strategy is to form a cohesive, consistent message that can be used across all media outlets. Making different claims, in different tones, across different outlets confuses consumers and causes suspicion 90016 (See also Brand Marketing) 90017.How you want to present yourself as a company is also a consideration. You will not see Toyota promoting their cars on the Shopping Channel; yet, the Snuggie made millions of sales with their goofy low-budget television commercials and Internet sidebar «As Seen on TV» ads. 90005 90009 PopTweet 90010 90004 Can success be measured by Twitter followers? Here are some of the most popular tweeters: 90005 90041 90042 Lady Gaga, 27,000,000+ 90043 90042 Justin Bieber, 25,000,000+ 90043 90042 Katy Perry, 24,000,000+ 90043 90042 Rihanna, 23,000,000+ 90043 90042 Britney Spears, 19,000,000+ 90043 90042 Barack Obama, 18,000,000+ 90043 90052 90004 90016 Source: twittercounter.com 90017 90005 90004 Using a comprehensive array of research tools will help you discover how to target your audience in the most effective ways. The Nielsen Company, for example, makes it its business to know who’s buying what, from where, and how best to keep your customers ‘attention. Nielsen can tell you which television shows 12- to 17-year-olds are watching, or that breaded chicken breasts sell better at Albertsons than Walmart because of product placement and $ 1.00-off in-store coupons. 90005 90004 Additionally, social networking sites and search engines, such as Google, can be fantastic sources of information to discover what people are talking about and where they’re gathering. There are even research tools which help you determine what time your target audience is hanging out on Facebook or Twitter, which in turn allows you to set up social media posts at prime times. You can also glean information from the analytics of your own website, such as which posts are getting the most traffic, which geographic location readers are coming from, which tools and links they are clicking through to, and your general demographic.90005 90004 When creating cross-media campaigns it’s best to designate a desired action. For example, your goal may be to strategize your cross-media campaign so that it drives readers to your website to pay for a print or online subscription. Therefore, to accomplish this you might create mobile applications, email newsletters, Facebook and Twitter accounts, YouTube videos with commentators, and podcasts with editorialists or financial experts; or, you might employ popular bloggers, and attempt to get links from other media sites.All of these marketing outlets can drive customers to the website; however, it’s important to determine in advance what strategies will actually work, rather than «throwing everything at the wall seeing what sticks.» 90005 90004 Depending on the size of your company, each of these steps may either involve one person wearing many hats or a staff of graphic designers, mobile app and tablet developers, website developers, copywriters, marketing managers, research analysts, and social media specialists.In a larger company, each of these players will have their own roles, while working together as a cohesive team to spread a web of marketing. 90016 (See also Careers in Marketing) 90017 90005 90019 What career titles work with cross-media marketing strategies? 90020 90009 Marketing Managers 90010 90004 Marketing Managers may direct cross-media marketing campaigns as part of an overall marketing strategy.They often also oversee a marketing staff. 90005 90004 90150 What do they do? 90151 90005 90041 90042 oversee the overall marketing campaign, creating tone and feel, crafting an effective message 90043 90042 keep up on various new media and identify ways that cross-media marketing might be used effectively in those venues 90043 90042 develop creative strategies to introduce products and services in as many ways as possible, so that it stays in the forefront of people’s minds 90043 90042 negotiate agreements between third-party media sources such as bloggers, publications, media advertising departments, and cross-promotion companies 90043 90052 90004 90150 Education and experience 90151 90005 90009 What type of salary should I expect? 90010 90041 90042 90150 Marketing Manager 90151 90173 Median annual pay: $ 116,010 90173 Top earners: $ 187,199 + 90043 90042 90150 Social Media Specialist 90151 90173 Median annual pay: $ 35,550 90173 Top earners: $ 71,000 + 90043 90042 90150 Graphic Designer 90151 90173 Median annual pay: $ 43,500 90173 Top earners: $ 76,910 + 90043 90052 90004 90016 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; Mashable 90017 90005 90004 The majority of marketing managers have, at minimum, a bachelor’s degree; however, the number of marketing managers with master’s degrees is on the rise. Managers have usually held a variety of marketing positions prior to managing the department. While in school, students cans benefit from the hands-on experience and mentoring an internship can provide. Often an internship can get a future marketer’s foot in the door of that particular company as well.90005 90009 Social Media Specialists 90010 90004 Social Media Specialists strategize and run social media marketing campaigns designed to inform consumers about a product or service and drive them toward a specified action. 90005 90004 90150 What do they do? 90151 90005 90041 90042 keep up on the latest, ever-changing, social media trends by watching consumer attention shifts; and by reading industry blogs, magazines, and other news outlets 90043 90042 strategize and implement social media marketing campaigns, utilizing tools such as TweetDeck, Network Blogs, or HootSuite 90043 90042 respond to consumer feedback on social media sites, as well as monitor analytical data containing trackable and provable results of the social media campaign 90043 90052 90004 90150 Education and experience 90151 90005 90004 Social media specialists generally have a marketing, business, communications, or advertising degree.However, much social media experience is hands-on, and learned through trial and error. Many people use social media in their daily lives and are already familiar with the tools. While an entry-level marketing position, work as a social media specialist can lead to project management and marketing manager positions within a company or agency. 90005 90009 Graphic Designers 90010 90004 Graphic Designers design the elements of a cross-media marketing campaign, maintaining consistency between media to encourage brand recognition.90005 90004 90150 What do they do? 90151 90005 90041 90042 design websites, logos, individualized Facebook and Twitter pages, banner ads, button ads, and other collateral to appeal to customers and deliver a consistently recognizable brand 90043 90042 keep up on the latest design techniques, and adjusting visual design elements accordingly 90043 90042 integrate function and usability into websites, social media accounts, and other forms of advertising using html and CSS code 90043 90042 design brochures, banners, signs and other forms of print collateral consistent with the brand 90043 90052 90004 90150 Education and experience 90151 90005 90004 Graphic designers usually have bachelor’s degrees in art and / or software development, although some may start with associate’s degrees from an art school.Designers will develop a portfolio with which to display their abilities; this can be built through internships as well as through their own personal projects. 90005 90019 How can a marketing school help you in this field? 90020 90004 Communication is an integral part of cross-media marketing and promotional efforts, as it involves addressing a message to different audiences across a multitude of media outlets-from social media to television, websites, and strategic product placement.Marketing coursework focuses on teaching students to communicate in a way that elicits a desired response: buy, read, click, vote, join. 90005 90004 Marketing programs also instruct students how to acquire and interpret data. Marketers must know where they are most effective and most ineffective. They need to be able to look at analytic results and calculate conversion rates to interpret what adjustments must be made to improve results. A marketing school will give students ample opportunity to learn and employ various methods of data acquisition and interpretation.90005 90004 Investigate several marketing programs before committing to one. Marketing programs also have specializations within the department, so sure to sign up for courses in several specializations prior to picking your particular specialization-you never know which set of skills will spark something in you. 90005 .90000 What is cross-channel marketing and why do you need it? — Econsultancy 90001 90002 90003 Today’s consumers are more connected than ever before — constantly checking emails, social media apps, and even interacting online via voice technology. 90004 90005 90002 For brands, the challenge is to cut through the noise to be able to reach consumers at the right time. This is where cross-channel marketing comes in: an approach that allows brands to seamlessly communicate with consumers across multiple touchpoints.90005 90002 So, what are the benefits exactly? Here’s what you need to know. 90005 90010 What’s the difference between multi-channel and cross-channel? 90011 90002 Before we get into it, let’s think about what cross-channel marketing actually means, as it can often be confused with another common practice — multi-channel marketing. 90005 90002 There are a key few differences. The first is that multi-channel means to have a presence on one or more channels — let’s say a website and a mobile app.On the other hand, cross-channel means to provide a seamless experience across a combination of several different channels. 90005 90002 For example, perhaps a customer might browse on the web, before being targeted via an email that they read on their mobile device. In this sense, cross-channel takes the basic theory of multi-channel and elevates it to create an overriding and seamless brand experience — as opposed to a one-off or fractured brand message. 90005 90002 So, what are the real benefits of a cross-channel approach? 90005 90010 Increasing engagement 90011 90002 Communicating with consumers on a single marketing channel might generate a certain level of success, but it also means that you are relying on a certain type of user behaviour.Checking your email when you wake up, for instance. 90005 90002 In contrast, using multiple channels means you are able to reach consumers at different times of the day and also at different points of the purchasing cycle. For example, while an email might drive click-throughs, an email combined with a delayed push notification might be enough to remind a consumer to follow through on a purchase. 90005 90002 Research suggests engagement levels are marginally increased with cross-channel messaging too.Braze found that when customers received outreach in two or more channels, levels of engagement were 166% higher than a single-channel rate and 642% higher than for customers who received no messages whatsoever. 90005 90010 Improving loyalty 90011 90002 As customers engage with a brand on a more regular basis, the chances of them becoming and ultimately staying loyal to that brand also increases. This is largely due to the consistency in messaging — one of the main features of cross-channel marketing.90005 90002 Unlike multi-channel, which treats each platform differently (and is therefore likely to be inconsistent in terms of tone of voice or the message it is sending) — cross-channel places all platforms under one umbrella. When it comes to ecommerce, for example, this level of consistency means that common pain points can be avoided, such as seeing a social media advert for a sale, only to find out that it has ended on the brand’s website. 90005 90002 Regardless of the environment they are in, a cross-channel approach ensures that customers will have the same experience across the board.In turn, this is likely to increase satisfaction and lead to repeat interactions and engagements. 90005 90002 90037 90005 90010 Aligning with consumer behaviour 90011 90002 According to MediaOcean, 53% of all UK adults now ‘media multi-task’ on a weekly basis, with the average user spending seven hours per day consuming media across multiple screens. This, combined with the growth in webrooming and showrooming (whereby consumers research on mobile before shopping in-store, or vice versa) proves that user behaviour is more fractured than ever before.90005 90002 As a result, one of the most effective forms of cross-channel marketing is when brands are able to create cohesion between online and offline behaviour — and even better when this is personalised. 90005 90002 One good example of this is Under Armour, which allows users to find out product information by scanning barcodes via its app in-store. On the back of this data, it is then able to retarget customers based on browsing and purchasing behaviour, which also contributes to increased engagement and loyalty.90005 90002 90048 90005 90010 Barriers to overcome 90011 90002 While an increasing number of brands are beginning to recognise the benefits of a cross-channel marketing strategy, there can still be big barriers when it comes to implementation. 90005 90054 Breaking down silos 90055 90002 One of the biggest obstacles can be existing siloes within organisations. A brand might have one team for email, another in charge of social media, and another dedicated to ecommerce or customer engagement — with each team focused on a different set of goals and outcomes.According to Experian, this is the case for 58% of UK brands. The solution is therefore to try to break down these siloes, and to establish a single set of KPIs that all teams work towards — only then can overall success be measured. 90005 90054 Lack of single customer view 90055 90002 As a result of silos within organisations, siloed data can also occur. This means that it will then be impossible to achieve a single customer view — a vital step for delivering a consistent and personalised customer experience (often referred to as ‘omnichannel’).Without a SCV, customers are likely to be met with a fractured (and differing) experience at various touchpoints, rather than a seamless one. 90005 90054 Limitations in technology 90055 90002 Finally, marketers might also struggle to achieve a single customer view due to a lack of technology — and / or the skills required to interpret and act on data. Problems can also occur when new channels come into the mix, meaning that fresh technology will need to be integrated and new processes learnt. 90005 90002 90003 90068 Related reading: 90069 90004 90005 .